Saturday, October 1, 2011

Fluorescent bacteria secrets

27 September 2011 last science reporter updated at 12: 52 GMT by Leila Battison Developed bacterial message (Credit: David Walt) spots by floor eyelets recent be bacteria to convey news scientists have fluorescent bacteria in a grid that encode secret messages developed, create a lively invisible ink printed.

Simple messages can by genetically engineering bacteria, fluorescent colored proteins produce, then print it will be encoded in a grid.

This method could be used for secret communication, as well as for counterfeiting.

Researchers at Tufts University in the United States PNAS published the development of the art in the magazine.

Seven different strains of harmless E. coli bacteria were genetically, so that they each produced a different fluorescent protein.

When these bacteria are grown, the colonies as bright spots of color on the right wavelength of light.

Researchers have devised a way of couples these different colored proteins to represent letters of the alphabet.

Prof. David Walt, Tufts University in Medford, United States, explained that this coding system "practical", as there are seven easily identifiable colors in the visible spectrum used, but other systems, from developed, can other colours and combinations for each letter.

Character coding (Credit: David Walt)Each character is encoded with a pair of colored strains.

A grid of colored bacteria can therefore be used to communicate messages by using an encryption, decoding the pattern.

These messages from fluorescent bacteria have SPAM (steganography by the array of microbes printed) was referred, and the researchers expect useful in a variety of applications.

As well as the potential for secret communication might the microbial messages be used for counterfeiting as a deterrent.

Unlock with light

The researchers show, such as the fluorescent microbes that may be necessary to encode the message from a "bacterial broth" grown, and the message itself is "printed" in a grid on a medium such as agar jelly.

The bacteria are not colored until they "evolve" with certain chemicals, so that the invisible, undeveloped message can be transmitted along with and delivered to the intended recipient on a sheet.

After receiving the message may transfer from the Velvet back on a growth medium, and then developed, so the colors show.

The developed message can then be decoded in a variety of different ways.

Some of the genetically modified bacteria will fluoresce differently according to the wavelength of light shone on them, so that can result in different lights with different messages.

In this case, the sender would send a "photo-cipher" would say that the wavelength of light; get the recipient of the message any other wavelength results in a meaningless string of characters.

Alternatively some of the bacteria can be developed in addition to fluorescence, resistant to certain antibiotics.

This means that if the recipient developed the bacterial array on the medium, different messages the medium with different antibiotics may occur through impregnation.

For example, the same array of bacteria on media, the antibiotics ampicillin grew researchers and impregnated with kanamycin.

Developed, "that's read the message on ampicillin grown are, a Bioencoded message from the Walt lab at Tufts University 2011".

The message that grown read with kanamycin, "you have used the wrong code and this message gibberish".

In this case, the sender would provide antibiotic cipher, so that the correct information could be developed and delivered.

Information on demand

Prof. Walt explains the benefits of the use of SPAM messages: "there are multiple layers of security built into it." "You have a code and a key, which is virtually impossible to break, as it is infinitely many combinations of growth media, chemicals and development."

The additional benefits of using life, is a bacterial system to encode messages that the information can be published on-demand.

"The undeveloped SPAM are really invisible, you don't even see where they are", said Prof. Walt.

The researchers speculate that these security features are SPAM messages a powerful tool in the fight against counterfeiting, especially of high-quality medicines, where the consequences of pollution or incorrect doses are potentially life-threatening.

"The cipher code in indexed location on the packaging, and the array itself in a protected part of the case, one could", said Prof. Walt. "In this way can recipients authenticate a delivery to ensure that it manipulated was still not."



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