Meeting in Brussels only a few hours after levels taken, Nick Burns, then US Ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, headquarters of the Alliance thought he had to do the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, some to convince the rest of the NATO member countries of America's defense to get. But rather than hesitate to show, he, America's allies immediately voluntarily says their support even before the accident had ROWCOUNT is clear. "It was a great moment of Alliance solidarity in a very tragic day," Burns, recalls the now an international relations Professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
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All at once, was the original purpose of NATO both revived and overhauled shown. In fact, a renewed relevance in a cold war world was the attacks on America the Alliance on the basis of the values in the short term. But in the intervening ten years with the global fight against terrorism issues have also added new levels of complexity and new questions about the future of the Alliance.
12, September 2001 as an act of solidarity with Americans after the previous disaster, the allies article 5 - the binding promise of mutual defence of group - called for the first time in history. Originally developed in terms of Russia, article 5 says that all Member States "an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America are an attack against them all." The countries of the United States with the urgency and the energy State. "The expectation was for 50 years, it would be to overthrow that to defend Europe in a war against the Soviet Union the United States, and the irony was that the only time we had invoked per article 5, that the next day, and it for the Europeans was to overthrow, to defend the United States" said Burns.
The reality in the Middle, soon became clear there that the gesture had opened NATO up to a completely different set of challenges than previously had. On the one hand, the enemy was not a country but a group of non-State actors, al-Qaeda. The threat of terror were also allies, United caused by had is based on the term of protection of a geographical location, a new feature. She could not only defend their own territory; to fight the terrorists, they would have to go far above and beyond. "This was NATO's natural evolution after 9 / 11", said Burns. "It became very clear that Europe largely peaceful and safe was in the interests of allies of terrorism directly [and affected were] what was the wars in Afghanistan and the Iraq." "So, quickly became clear that NATO had to go natural geographic area, because the interests of our members were threatened by his outside."
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The threat of terrorism at this moment, more than per a global problem was when that could not successfully be fought by one country alone. Cooperation was importance it through NATO, the United Nations or ad-hoc partnerships. "We live in this age, when all that are really interesting security problems for a State to deal with, too big", says Jeff Lewis, Director of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterrey Institute of international studies program East Asia non-proliferation. "So, you have to have cooperation and alliances are an important aspect of cooperation."
Only a month after the World Trade Center and the Pentagon attack, news reports reflected hopeful mood that the tragedy could be an opportunity for rejuvenating the NATO, had been the decline of a common global topic through the last ten years. But as the United States began in October 2001, his campaign against terrorists in Afghanistan Americans, under the leadership of President George W. Bush at first seemed rejection of NATO efforts and take things into their own hands, says Stewart Patrick, Director of international institutions and global governance program at the Council on foreign relations. That changed in 2003, he says, according to the United States decided to invade the Iraq. "It was only partly, because the United States felt pretty thin after the invasion of Iraq, which really open was the United States to the concept of NATO, taking over the ISAF or the international security force in Afghanistan" Patrick says.
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